A Complete Guide to Birthstone Gems
If the sea waves give you energy, then the transparent blue colors of aquamarine will provide you with life. As the name implies, aquamarine originates from the Latin word for "seawater"—an appropriate description for a gemstone that ranges in tones from pale blues to blue-greens to aqua-blues. The semi-precious stone is becoming quite trendy (it's March's birthstone), so let's look at its history and review some tips on what you should know before buying aquamarine jewelry.
Brazil is the gemstone capital of the world and where the best aquamarine stones are found. However, the first gems were discovered in 1723 Siberia, collected in a style similar to panning for gold. Mining for aqua occurs in parts of Africa, including Kenya and Mozambique. And here stateside, it's found in the Colorado Rockies, specifically Mount Antero and White Mountain, where aquamarine is also the state's official gemstone.
As its name implies, aquamarine is blue. Still, while other gemstones generally have a broad spectrum of color in their palettes, aquamarine is limited to only a handful of hues: pale blue, blue, green-blue, medium green-blue, and deep green-blue. The type of iron (and how much) determines the blue color in the stone. Ferrous iron gives the gemstone its blue color, while ferric iron is green. Aqua is a blue-green color when mined (a seafoam color); typically, the green is removed with heat before the stone is cut.
It's time for a bit of chemistry! Aquamarine is a mineral called beryl (emerald is also beryl, but that's another interesting article) and is 7.5-8 on the Mohs hardness scale. When lava is forced to the Earth's surface and cools, it's called igneous rock. There are many igneous rock types, but the one that forms beryl (aquamarine) is called pegmatite. Pegmatite occurs during magma's cooling stage—it's when water doesn't completely dissolve and instead hardens in small deposits in the magma's nooks and crannies. The hardened water deposits eventually turn into flawless crystals, and pegmatites are born—and one of the minerals that occur is beryl.
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