A Storied Heritage
Pre-modern gem identification relied on color, hardness, and source: criteria insufficient to consistently separate ruby, red spinel, and garnet. The Black Prince's Ruby, acquired in the 14th century and set in the British Imperial State Crown, was confirmed as red spinel only through modern gemological analysis. The misidentification represents the rule rather than the exception: most historical rubies in institutional and royal collections have required re-examination, and the results have reshaped understanding of where truly fine ruby was available throughout history.